Sunday, December 31, 2017

THE SEED WAR - Part 1

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THE SEED WAR

PART 1

Genesis 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; he shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
* * * * *
Today, we embark on a different subject matter.  It is one that most believers probably have never heard or considered; though they are familiar with most of the verses that reveal the message.  Take this opening verse for example.  What Christian is not aware of this verse; and that it comes at the time of the fall of man in the Garden of Eden? 

Let’s take a moment to identify those to whom IAUE is speaking in this verse.

Genesis 3:1 Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which IAUE Elohim had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath Elohim said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?
2 And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden:
3 But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, Elohim hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.
4 And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:
5 For Elohim doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as Elohim, knowing good and evil.

The serpent and the woman comprise the cast of our opening verse.

Who is the serpent?

Revelation 12:9 And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.

Who is the woman?  In Hebrew, the word is “Ishshah,” which means, “wife.”

Genesis 3:6 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat.
7 And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.
8 And they heard the voice of the IAUE Elohim walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the IAUE Elohim amongst the trees of the garden.

[Notice that the woman, Eve, was deceived; but Adam, standing right beside her, was not deceived.  Adam witnessed the entire event with clarity and chose to violate the commandment of IAUE; and he also ate of the forbidden fruit.]

When IAUE returned to the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were hiding, demonstrating fallen man’s first response to guilt---avoid detection.  If you can’t be found; you can’t be held accountable for your wrongdoing.

Genesis 3:9 And the IAUE Eohim called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou?
10 And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.
11 And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?
12 And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.
13 And the IAUE Elohim said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.

In this passage we see fallen man’s second response to guilt---passing the blame to another to dissolve personal responsibility for the crime.  Not only does Adam pass the blame to Eve; Eve passes the blame to the serpent.  IAUE finds all three culpable for their actions and declares:

Genesis 3:14 And IAUE Elohim said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:
15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.
17 And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life;
18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field;
19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

IAUE issued three curses.  He began with the serpent (Satan).  Have you ever noticed that in this scene where Adam and Eve come out of hiding to face the presence of IAUE, Satan was standing there as well?  IAUE did not yell into the air loud enough for the serpent to hear from wherever he may be.  No.  He spoke to the serpent who was standing right there. It is my contention that the serpent may not have even realized he had done anything wrong; and thus, had no reason to be hiding from the presence of IAUE.  Why is this?  It is because he only did what he was created to do.

Isaiah 54:16  Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the waster to destroy.

John 10:10  The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy

John 8:44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.

I want to focus exclusively on the curse placed upon the serpent for this series of posts.

Genesis 3:14 And IAUE Elohim said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life:
15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

For now, we will set aside verse 14.  We will return to it in a later post.  I want us to focus on verse 15.  IAUE put “enmity” between the serpent (Satan) and the woman (Eve); and between the Serpent’s seed and the woman’s seed.  “Enmity” (eybah) means “to hate as an enemy; to be of a hostile mindset.” From this we may understand that from this moment in the Garden of Eden forward through time until this day, Satan and Eve; as well as Satan’s seed and Eve’s seed have been at war. It is this war that is the focus of this current series of posts. 

It is important to note that it is man whose seed (sperm) produces the next generation.  Woman does not have seed. This fact did not escape the serpent; and it should not escape us.

Next week:  The seed war begins.

Saturday, December 23, 2017

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY - 20

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FUNDAMENTALS OF DISCIPLESHIP

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY – 20

POST BABYLON

Mal 4:4  Remember ye the torah of Moshe my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, even statutes and ordinances.


The Temple was rebuilt in 516 BC, thanks to the leadership and encouragement of the prophets Zechariah and Haggai.

Darius the Great ruled from circa 522 BC to 486 BC.

The Book of Esther:

In 486 BC, Xerxes I (also called Ahasuerus) ascended to the throne.  In the third year of his reign, for her insubordination to the king, Ahasuerus exiled his wife, Vashti (Esther 1).  The servants of the king organized what was essentially a beauty pageant of the beautiful young maidens of the kingdom.  Esther, a Jewess, won the good pleasure of the king and became his new wife.

In the 12th year of Ahasuerus, Haman, a man who had been promoted by the king above all the princes of the kingdom, sought vengeance against Mordecai (the cousin of Esther) because Mordecai would not bow before Haman when he passed his way.  Haman's pride fueled his anger such that he tricked the king into signing a decree that called for a single day of slaughter of all Jews in his kingdom (Esther 3). 

At the risk of her own life, Queen Esther made an unsolicited appearance before the king and won his heart to give to her whatever she requested.  Esther explained that her people were in peril due to the decree he had made at the request of Haman.  The laws of the Medes and the Persians could not be revoked, even by the king; so, the king ordered that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies.  As a result, the hand of IAUE was with the Jews to destroy all of their enemies in the land.  Haman and all his sons were destroyed, and Mordecai was promoted to be second only to the king.  (This synopsis can in no way provide you with the majestic portrayal of the power and strategy of IAUE that reading the book of Esther can provide.)

The Book of Ezra:

In 465 BC, Artaxerxes I (also called Artahshashta) ascended to the throne.  In the seventh year of his reign (458 BC), the king dispatched Ezra, the priest, to Jerusalem.  He was specifically tasked with the mission of teaching the Torah to the Jews, and to insure they were punished accordingly for their disobediences to the law.  It was a measure intended to secure the throne for himself and for his posterity (Ez 7).  The king perceived that only judgment could come from oppressing the people of IAUE.  Instead, he believed that he could bring safety to his lineage by doing his part in seeing that the Jews learned and obeyed the laws of IAUE.  (For the whole story, be sure to read the book of Ezra.)

The Book of Nehemiah:

In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I, thirteen years after Ezra was sent to Jerusalem, the cupbearer to the king presented wine before his sovereign; but his face was downcast and sad.  The king took note of the sad countenance of his cupbearer, for he had never been sad before in his presence.  Nehemiah explained his grief over having learned that the walls of Jerusalem were destroyed, its gates burned with fire, and the people suffering evil at the hands of their enemies in the land.  The king dispatched Nehemiah in 445 BC to oversee the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem, fortified with letters to insure both support and financial assistance. (The whole story of the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalum is recorded in the book of Nehemiah.  In it we see the many difficulties confronted while building the walls, and how Nehemiah faced his problems with prayer and reliance upon IAUE.)

The last prophet of the Tanak (Old Testament Scriptures), Malachi, was a contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah.  He ministered from 450 BC to 400 BC.  The prophecy of Malachi was a scathing indictment against the Jews.  In it, IAUE established a case for His goodness to the children of Israel; then He pointed out ways in which the Jews have dishonored Him.  As He spoke so often during their history, Malachi's words reveal that IAUE was prepared to bless them again in response to their repentance...or judgment will be their sure reward.

Malachi 4:1 For, behold, the day cometh, it burneth as a furnace; and all the proud, and all that work wickedness, shall be stubble; and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith IAUE of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.
But unto you that fear my name shall the sun of righteousness arise with healing in its wings; and ye shall go forth, and go forth as calves of the stall.

The last word from IAUE at the close of the Tanak was a reassurance that judgment is surely coming upon all the unrighteous; but protection is accorded all who fear the name of IAUE.  The Hebrews were being reminded that simply being born a Jew was NOT what satisfied IAUE.  IAUE was looking for a people whose hearts were right before Him.  To guide the Hebrews unto that heart, they were entrusted with receiving and preserving the words of IAUE:  His commandments, statutes, judgments, testimonies, ordinances, etc.

The last words of the prophet Malachi were the last words from IAUE for 400 years, in fulfillment of the words of the prophet Amos.

Amos 8: 11 Behold, the days come, saith the master Elohim, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of IAUE.

Our study of the Tanak has been intended to provide the disciple with a working knowledge of the structure and the chronological interplay of the 39 books of the Old Testament.

To graphically summarize the books of the Old Testament, let's examine two charts.  The first chart reflects the historical books in their chronological order.  Books found on the same row contain history that shares the same timeline.

HISTORICAL BOOKS
Genesis
Job
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers 
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
I Samuel
II Samuel
I Chronicles
I Kings - II Kings
2 Chronicles
Esther
Ezra
Nehemiah

This second chart places the non-history books in their chronological placement with the history books.

BOOKS OF POETRY & PROPHECY
II Samuel/I Chronicles
Psalms
I Kings/II Chronicles
Proverbs
Song of Solomon
Ecclesiastes
II Kings/II Chronicles
Obadiah
Joel
Jonah
Amos
Hosea
Isaiah
Micah
Zephaniah
Nahum
Jeremiah (Lamentations)
Ezekiel
Daniel
Habakkuk
Ezra
Haggai
Zechariah
Nehemiah
Malachi

Our survey of the Old Testament Scriptures provides the disciple of Yahushua with only the most basic presentation of the history contained therein.  The command of IAUE is that we study these Scriptures, read them, meditate upon them, discuss them with each other and never let them depart from our lives.  I encourage each reader to include, along with their other daily reading of Scripture, some methodical reading of the books of the Old Testament; and to do so for the rest of your lives.

The truths presented in the entirety of the New Testament Scriptures are all contained in the Old Testament.  When the apostle Paul preached the good news to the men and women of Berea, they searched the Old Testament Scriptures to verifiy if Paul was preaching the Truth (Acts 17:10-12).  Nothing in the New Testament can stand without the foundation of the Tanak.  Consequently, we will never be able to properly understand the New Testament without a reasonable understanding of the Old Testament.  If a disciple of Yahushua claims to be a "New Testament" believer, and thereby shuns the study of the Old Testament; he is only deceiving himself.

One of the first problems the Body of Messiah experienced is recorded in Acts 6.

Acts 6:1  And in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration.

Why was this a problem?  It was because it provided an administrative distraction to the apostles' ministry.

Acts 6:2 Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of Elohim, and serve tables.

What "word of Elohim" did they not want to leave?  It was the Tanak.  The Old Testament Scriptures were the ONLY Scriptures for the first 30 years of church history.  If the apostles could not afford an administrative distraction to pull them away from the Old Testament Scriptures, then what can be so important that it should take us away from them?

The next 400 years of Hebrew history are not a matter of Scriptural record; but they provide four centuries of time for the Jews to hear and obey the prophecy of Malachi, and to prepare their hearts for the coming of Messiah.

494 BC - 406 BC - Sophocles; writer of Greek tragedies.
469 BC - 399 BC - Socrates; Greek philosopher
446 BC - 385 BC - Aristophanes; Greek playwright
427 BC - 348 BC - Plato; Greek philosopher

Kingdom heart: a heart that offers no resistance to the performance of the will of IAUE.


                                                                                                                

Sunday, December 17, 2017

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY – 19

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FUNDAMENTALS OF DISCIPLESHIP

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY – 19

THE RETURN FROM BABYLON

Ezra 1:3  Whosoever there is among you of all his people, his Elohim be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of IAUE, the Elohim of Israel (he is Elohim), which is in Jerusalem.

Around the time of the Babylonian Captivity, the following was taking place around the world.

621 BC -  Dracon introduces Athens' first written laws, noted for their severity, as nearly every offense was punishable by death (hence the term "Draconian.")
606 BC -  Babylon initiates the captivity of Judah, taking the royal family and the wise young men to Babylon.
597 BC -  Babylon takes another 10,000 captives of the Hebrews, including the skilled craftsmen.
586 BC -  Babylon destroys Jerusalem and razes the temple to the ground.  The Southern Kingdom of Judah is no more.
580 BC -  Nebuchadrezzar II begins building the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the Seven Wonders of the World.)
565 BC -  Daoism (Taoism) is created by Chinese philosopher Lao-tse in the Honan province.
539 BC -  The Greeks defeat the Carthaginians.
536 BC -  Babylon is defeated by Cyrus, first king of the Medo-Persian Empire.  The Jews are freed to return to Jerusalem.
516 BC -  The temple is rebuilt in Jerusalem.
509 BC -  Traditional date of the founding of the Roman Republic.
500 BC -  Work begins on the Grand Canal in China to link major river systems.  The Chinese invent the crossbow.
500 BC -  First cataract operations performed in India.

In our last post we observed how IAUE knew Cyrus by name more than 200 years before his name was revealed to others.  IAUE gave strength to Cyrus' hand to conquer nations and to rule.  In this, IAUE, demonstrated that He alone was sovereign over the sovereigns of the world.
Cyrus was made to realize that his successes were due to the favor of Elohim; and in the first year of his reign after conquering Babylon, he declared it to his kingdom.

Ezra 1:2  Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath IAUE, the Elohim of heaven, given me; and he hath charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

It is possible that it was Daniel who made Cyrus aware of the hand of Elohim upon his life.  Knowing well the prophecies of Isaiah, it is likely that shortly after that night in which Babylon was overthrown and Belshazzar was killed, Daniel obtained an audience with the new king to inform him of the prophecies.  This would account for the unusual favor that Cyrus immediately rendered to the Hebrews.

Ezra 1:3
  Whosoever there is among you of all his people, his Elohim be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of IAUE, the Elohim of Israel (he is Elohim), which is in Jerusalem.

In 536 BC, the first number of Hebrews were freed to leave Babylon and return to Jerusalem.  This was 70 years after the first number of Hebrews were taken captive to Babylon, in fulfillment of Jeremiah’s prophecy.

After little more than two years in Jerusalem, the Hebrews laid the foundation of the house of Elohim.  This greatly distressed the peoples who were residents of the land and who were adversaries of the Hebrews.  Throughout the reign of Cyrus, they troubled the Hebrews intending to deter their rebuilding progress, engaging counsellors to entangle their work in legal disputes.  They wrote a letter of accusation to the king against the Hebrews.  Finally, a letter was written to the king, warning him that if he permitted the Hebrews to complete the building of the temple and restore the walls of the city of Jerusalem, the Hebrews would refuse to pay tribute to the king.  The letter urged the king to research the records of his father to confirm the legitimacy of this warning.  King Artaxerxes (also known as Cambyses and Ahasuerus) did indeed confirm the unruly history of the city of Jerusalem; and he issued a decree that the building of the city cease and not be built unless commanded by him (Ezra 4).

In the second year of Darius the Great, successor to Artaxerxes (circa 520 BC), the prophets Haggai and Zekaryah (Zechariah) prophesied to the Hebrews to encourage them in Elohim.  Zerubbabel and Yeshua rose up, then, and began to continue the rebuilding of the temple.  Tattenai, the governor of the region, inquired who commanded them to resume building the temple.  The matter was taken before the king; and the Hebrews encouraged the king to check and see if King Cyrus had not issued the decree (which decree would have superceded the command of Artaxerxes to cease the building of the temple).  Darius confirmed Cyrus' original edict, and ordered the building of the temple to resume.  Not only did he command the temple to be completed, he issued decrees to the Hebrews' adversaries to stop interfering with them at risk of death (Ezra 5).

In 516 BC, the temple was rebuilt.  This was 70 years after the temple had been destroyed (in 586 BC).


Haggai prophesied a rebuke to the Hebrews who had returned to Jerusalem; but who had ceased building the temple. How could they expect IAUE to live among them if they would not finish His house?  The rebuke provoked a positive response.

Haggai 1:12 Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of IAUE their Elohim, and the words of Haggai the prophet, as IAUE their Elohim had sent him, and the people did fear before IAUE.
13 Then spake Haggai IAUE’s messenger in IAUE’s message unto the people, saying, I am with you, saith IAUE.
14 And IAUE stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and did work in the house of IAUE of hosts, their Elohim,
15 In the four and twentieth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.

He further prophesied that the temple would be completed but it would not be as glorious as Solomon’s temple that had been destroyed by the Babylonians; however, it would have a glorious future.

Haggai 2:9 The glory of this latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith IAUE of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith IAUE of hosts.

Zechariah prophesied just two months after this prophecy of Haggai.  He opens with a call to repent.

Zechariah 1:2  IAUE hath been sore displeased with your fathers.
3 Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith IAUE of hosts; Turn ye unto me, saith IAUE of hosts, and I will turn unto you, saith IAUE of hosts.
4 Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets have cried, saying, Thus saith IAUE of hosts; Turn ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings: but they did not hear, nor hearken unto me, saith IAUE.

Four times in these two opening verses of Zechariah’s prophecy IAUE identifies Himself as “IAUE of hosts.”  His call to repent and to turn back to Him was associated with the imagery of Him being the Master of Armies…something to be considered when contemplating not returning to Him.  How did Israel respond to Zechariah?  They murdered him in the Temple.  Messiah refers to it in Matthew 23:35.

The book of Zechariah is strongly apocalyptic in the nature of the prophecies of Daniel and of John the Revelator; and it contains more “messianic” prophecies than any of the writings of the minor prophets.

Note:  It was at this time, the return of the Hebrews to Jerusalem, that they first were called "Yehudim" (Jews).  Ten of the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed among the gentiles after their country was destroyed by Assyria.  The nation of Judah was comprised of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The tribe of Judah was disproportionately larger than the tribe of Benjamin, such that the Benjamites were insignificant in number by comparison.  After the Babylonian captivity, the Hebrews were collectively referred to as "the Yehudim" …the Jews.

Kingdom heart: a heart that offers no resistance to the performance of the will of IAUE.



Sunday, December 10, 2017

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY – 18

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FUNDAMENTALS OF DISCIPLESHIP

OLD TESTAMENT SURVEY – 18

THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY

Daniel 5:25  And this is the writing that was inscribed: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.


Let’s take a quick look at what was going on around the world during the time of the Kingdom of Israel and the divided kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

Circa 1250 BC -  The Olmec civilization emerges as the prominent people of Central America.  Called the "Mother of Middle American Civilization, the Olmec's culture greatly influenced the Mayans, Aztecs and, later, the Incans.  Also, Naomi and Ruth return to Israel.  Deborah is judge over Israel.
1000 BC -  The Celts conquer and occupy much of central and western Europe.
  776 BC -  The first recorded Olympic games were held.
  753 BC -  The city of Rome is founded.
  745 BC -  The prophet Isaiah (Yeshayahu) began his ministry in Judah.
  740 BC -  The Greeks begin construction of the Acropolis.
  722 BC -  The Kingdom of Israel falls to Assyria
  660 BC -  The city of Byzantium is founded in Greece.
  640-559 BC -  Solon, Athenian statesman, lawgiver & poet, introduced the first principles of democracy.
  630-550 BC -  Zoroaster, a Persian prophet, establishes the religion of Zoroastrianism.
  604 BC -  Lao-tse, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism, was born.


Although there were prophets ministering to the Hebrews throughout the entire time of the united kingdom of Israel, and the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah, covering more than 400 years, IAUE provided for a concentration of prophets in the final days of the kingdom age.

Israel was defeated and destroyed by Assyria in 722 BC.  During the 200+ years of its existence, Elijah (Eliyah), Elisha and Obadiah (Obadyah) were contemporary prophets (875-830 BC).  Then came Jonah (Yonah), Amos, and Hosea and Micah (their ministries overlapping).

Judah, in nearly 300 years, had seen only the ministries of the literary prophets Joel (Yo'el) (840-830 BC) and Isaiah (Yeshayahu)(784-697 BC).  In the last 50 years, however, came Zephaniah (Tsephanyah), Nahum, Habakkuk, Jeremiah (Yirmeyahu), Ezekiel and Daniel.

When reading the history books of the Old Testament Scriptures (the Tanak), it is helpful to understand where the books of the prophets fit into the timeline.  Inserting them in their appropriate places in the history will help to reveal the focus of IAUE and expose the internal problems of the nations that required divine attention.


Historical Note:  Gen 10:8-11 reveals that Nimrod was a mighty hunter who founded both the city of Babel (the seat of the Babylonian empire) and the city of Ninevah (the seat of the Assyrian empire.)  Nimrod was the son of Cush, who was the son of Ham, who was the son of Noah.  He was the nephew of Canaan, the cursed grandson of Ham (Gen 9:25). Nimrod was singularly responsible for creating the very weapons the enemy used to destroy both the northern and southern kingdoms of the Hebrew people…the people of IAUE.


We observed in our last lesson that 70 years had been prescribed for the Babylonian captivity of the Hebrew people.  Let's take a look at the succession of the kings of Babylon during this period.

606 BC -  Nebuchadnezzar becomes co-regent with his father, King Nabopolassar, and reigns for 45 years.
561 BC -  Awil-Marduk, son of Nebuchadnezzar rules for less than three years.
559 BC -  Neriglissar kills his brother-in-law, Awil-Marduk, and assumes the throne of Babylon.
556 BC -  Labashi-Marduk, son of Neriglissar, reigns for nine months.
555 BC -  Nabonidus kills Labashi-Marduk and reigns for 19 years.
536 BC -  Belshazzar becomes co-regent with his father, Nabonidus.

During this period, Ezekiel was preaching and prophesying to the Hebrews in Babylon, strengthening their remembrance of their heritage in IAUE.  Daniel, on the other hand, having interpreted a troubling dream for king Nebuchadnezzar, was promoted into a position of authority in Babylon.

Though they did not lose their identity as slaves of Babylon, the Jews were allowed to integrate into the society; and many did quite well for themselves and prospered.  During this time, the concept of synagogues was created, and they proliferated throughout Babylon; providing the Hebrews a place to honor the Torah and to teach their children the ways of IAUE and to school them in the history of their people.

When Belshazzar became co-regent in 536 BC, he decided to throw a party for 1,000 of his nobles, their wives and concubines.  He called for the gold and silver vessels that had been taken by Nebuchadnezzar from the temple in Yerushalayim; and his party used them to drink wine.  Then suddenly a hand appeared and wrote on the wall before the king.

Dan 5:25 And this is the writing that was inscribed: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.

The king called for all of his wise men to come and interpret the meaning of the writing; but none could.  Finally, the king's wife remembered Daniel's reputation as an interpreter of dreams; so he called for Daniel; and Daniel interpreted the dream.

Dan 5:26 This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; Elohim hath numbered thy kingdom, and brought it to an end;
27 TEKEL; thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.
28 PERES; thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.
29 Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with purple, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.
30 In that night Belshazzar the Chaldean King was slain.


Now, let's back up several years and see the hand of IAUE at work controlling the affairs of nations.

Astyages, the last king of the Medes, designed to murder his infant grandson; but the child was spared by the very men commissioned by Astyages to kill him.  They raised the child in obscurity in Persia under the name, Agradates.  When Agradates grew into manhood, his genius and courage placed him at the head of the Persian armies.  By this time, Astyages had alienated a significant portion of his kingdom.  Employing those disenfranchised Medes in a revolt, Agradates, by his given name, Cyrus, conquered his grandfather and consolidated the kingdoms of the Medes and the Persians in 559 BC.  Cyrus then went forth conquering nations with whirlwind victories as the first king of the Medo-Persian empire.

In 536 BC, Cyrus turned his armies toward Babylon.  The peoples of Babylon, however, had endured enough of the rulership of Nabonidus and Belshazzar, and welcomed relief even if it came in the form of a conquering army.  The army dammed up the Euphrates River leading into the city and marched in on the dried riverbed under the walls, filling the city with their population. When the armies of Cyrus approached Babylon, the people simply opened the gates to them. 

Over 200 years earlier, Isaiah (Yeshayahu) prophesied the following:

Isaiah 44: 27 (I am IAUE...) That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers: (The Euphrates river was dried up.)
28  That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid(It was Cyrus who gave the command to rebuild Jerusalem and to rebuild the temple.  See Ezra 1.)
45:1   Thus saith IAUE to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;  (The people of Babylon opened the gates of the city to Cyrus' armies.)
2 I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron: (The gates of Babylon were made of brass.)
3  And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, IAUE, which call thee by thy name, am the Elohim of Israel.  (Cyrus grew up in obscurity under the name, Agradates.  His name was a highly guarded secret for most of his life, but IAUE called Him by his real name.)
10  Woe unto him that saith unto his father, What begettest thou? or to the woman, What hast thou brought forth?  (Astyages intended to take the life of Cyrus, his grandson.)
13  I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith IAUE of hosts.  (Cyrus gave the order to liberate the Hebrews.)

70 years earlier, Jeremiah (Yirmeyahu) had prophesied the following:

Jeremiah 51:11 Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: IAUE hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of IAUE, the vengeance of his temple.  (IAUE deliberately raised up Cyrus to defeat Babylon to avenge their defilement of the temple...both its destruction in 586 BC, and the vain use of its vessels by Belshazzer in 536 BC.)
12 Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes: for IAUE hath both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon.
13 O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, and the measure of thy covetousness.
14 IAUE of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying, Surely I will fill thee with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a shout against thee. (The armies of Cyrus marched into the city on the dammed river bed, filling the city with their men.)

After Belshazzar was killed and Babylon fell into the hands of the Medo-Persian empire, Daniel recalled the words of Jeremiah (Yirmeyahu), that their captivity would last 70 years.  As a result, Daniel set himself to fast and to pray with prayers of corporate repentance for he knew the heart of the Hebrews was still not right before IAUE (See Daniel 9).  Daniel won the confidence and the support of King Darius (the ruler placed by King Cyrus over all of the Chaldeans*) and gained the decree from Cyrus to liberate the Jews, to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem and to rebuild the temple of IAUE.  


*  Darius was also known as Cyaxeres II, and was the uncle of Cyrus.  Darius was granted to rule Babylon until his death one year later.  At that time, Cyrus assumed active rulership of the entire Medo-Persian empire.


While the Hebrews were in bondage to Babylon, Pythagoras derived his famous Pythagorean Theorem in Greece, Siddhartha Goutama was developing the philosophy that became known as Buddhism, and Confucius was accumulating his "sayings."

575-500 BC -  Pythagoras, Greek philosopher and mathemetician.
560-477 BC -  Siddhartha Goutama, founder of Buddhism.
551-479 BC -  Confucius, Chinese philosopher/sage.  


Kingdom heart: a heart that offers no resistance to the performance of the will of IAUE.